M
Mach Number : The ratio of the speed of an object to the speed
of sound in the surrounding.
Maclaurin Series : when a function f(x) is differentiable continuously at x =0 , the function can be expressed as given below :
F(x) = f(0) + f’(0)x + f”(0) x2 / 2! + ………..
Magic square
A
magic square of n is a arrangement of n2 numbers , generally different numbers, in a square,
so that the n numbers all rows, columns, and both diagonals sum to the same
number.(known as the magic sum). Example of magic square of order 3
|
8 |
1 |
6 |
15 |
|
13 |
5 |
7 |
15 |
|
4 |
9 |
12 |
15 |
|
15 |
15 |
15 |
15 |
Magic tour
If
a chess piece visits each square of a chessboard in succession, this is called
a tour of the chessboard. If the successive squares of a tour on an n X n
chessboard are numbered from 1 to n^2, in order, the tour is called a magic
tour if the resulting square is a magic square.
Magnitude : 1.
The magnitude of avector is its length,
2. The absolute value of areal or
complex number.
Main diagonal
In
the matrix [aij], the elements a11, a22, ..., ann.
Major , Minor arcs of a Circle : An
arc which is greater or less than half of the circumference of a circle.
Major, Minor axis :
The line segment connecting the two farthest
vertices in an ellipse is its major axis and the line perpendicular to the
major axis is minor axis.
The
major axis of an ellipse is it's longest chord.
Major , Minor sector of a
Circle : A sector of a circle is a region enclosed by two radii and an
arc. The larger sector is called the major sector . The smaller sector is called the minor sector.
Mandelbrot Set : A
set of points in the complex plane forming a fractal. Mathematically , we
defined Mandelbrot set as the set of complex C values for which the orbit 0
under iteration of the quadratic map x2 + C remains bounded.
Mantissa : The
positive fractional part of a real number. For example, for x = 3.1234, the
mantissa is 0.1234.
Mapping : A
rule of correspondence established between sets that associates each element of
a set with an element in the same or another set.
Malfatti circles
Three
equal circles that are mutually tangent and each tangent to two sides of a
given triangle.
Mathematical Induction : A
method of mathematical proof typically used to establish that a given statement
is true for all natural numbers. This method works by first proving that the
statement is true for a starting value, and then by proving that the statement
is true for another value also.
Mathematical Programming : A
method or process of finding out maximum or minimum values of an objective
function under the given constraints( may be in form of equalities or
inequalities ).
Mathieu’s
differential equation : The canonical form for Mathieu’s differential equation
is
d2y/dx2 + [ a –
2q cos (2x)] y = 0
Maximum
The
largest of a set of values.
Matrix
A
rectangular array of real or complex numbers , organized into rows and columns
. when specifying the size of a matrix, the number of rows is stated first. The
numbers in a matrix are called elements. And are specified by the row and the column
in which they appear.
Matroid : A
collection of subsets of a set so that any subset of a member of the collection
belongs to the collection.
Mean
The
average arithmetic mean of x1,x2,x3,…xn
is (x1+x2+x3+…+xn ) / n
Medial triangle
The
triangle whose vertices are the midpoints of the sides of a given triangle.
Median
The
median of a triangle is the line from a vertex to the midpoint of the opposite
side.
Median
When
a set of numbers is ordered from smallest to largest, the median number is the
one in the middle of the list.
Mersenne number
A
number of the form 2p-1 where p is a prime.
Mersenne prime
A
Mersenne number that is prime.
Midpoint
The
point M is the midpoint of line segment AB if AM=MB. That is, M is halfway
between A and B.
Minor axis
The
minor axis of an ellipse is its smallest chord.
Minimum
The
smallest of a set of values.
Mode
The
most frequently occurring value in a sequence of numbers.
Modulo
The
integers a and b are said to be congruent modulo m if a-b is divisible by m.
Monomial
An
algebraic expression consisting of just one term.
Monotone : A sequence is monotone if its terms are
increasing or decreasing.
Monic polynomial : A polynomial in which the
coefficient of the term of highest degree is 1.
Monochromatic triangle : A triangle whose vertices are
all colored the same.
Multinomial : An algebraic expression
consisting of 2 or more terms.
Multiple: The integer b is a multiple of the
integer a if there is an integer d such that b=da.
Multiplication : The basic arithmetical
operation of repeated addition.
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